the eye
astigmatism
myopia
hyperopia
presbyopia
Myopic or nearsighted people can see near objects clearly, but distant objects are out of focus. The main cause is an eyeball that is longer than normal from front to back. The extra length means light from distant objects is focuses short of the retina. Light continues on to reach the retina, but the projected image is blurred. Myopia also can occur when the curvature of the cornea is overly steep or "over bulged". The resulting extra refraction has the same result as the elongated eyeball: focus falls short of the retina. Some people have both errors. Myopia, the most common refractive error, affects over 25 percent of the population. Myopia usually becomes evident in children between the ages of 8 and 12 and worsens until early adulthood. It is hereditary--things such as reading in low light, poor eating habits, or eye strain do not cause or affect myopia.
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